viral

The so-called immune boosting probably reflected an immune response to greater viral antigen load but did not represent constructive immune enhancement.

We systematically evaluated different centrifugation parameters to minimize the time required for maximal concentration while preserving viral infectivity.

Physical methods to concentrate viral supernatants have been pursued with mixed results.

Mutations can be introduced during replication by the viral proteins or also by the mutagenic processes of transfection and viral infection.

Therefore, it would be advantageous for the virus to set the stage for each successive step necessary for viral progeny formation.

Most viral systems lack the stable inheritance of transposable elements that would be needed for deployment in nature.

In only four cases was a viral association demonstrated.

Instead, they represented gross calcification of the mitral valve, and of the papillary muscles, as a consequence of viral myocarditis.

All these effects - hepatocyte apoptosis, inflammatory cytokines and coagulation - are important participants in the pathogenesis of fulminant viral hepatitis (fig004glt).

The molecular basis for receptorbinding specificity and the role this plays in viral tropism and host range is not as clear-cut as is often portrayed.

The genome is encased in an icosahedral protein shell along with viral enzymes (protease, reverse transcriptase and integrase) and a matrix protein.

Over the past two decades, infection by several viral and bacterial pathogens has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.

One vector system has been developed from the early adenoviral vectors that should reduce the adverse effects because all viral genes have been eliminated.

The aetiology is unknown but suggested causes are bacterial, viral or parasitic infection, vitamin deficiency or food toxins.

Viral-based vector gene therapy takes advantage of the natural ability of viruses to infect cells and have their genes expressed by the host cells.